Human Rights Watch warns of democratic backsliding in Armenia

(Horizon Weekly / YEREVAN)— Armenia’s human rights record remains deeply concerning, according to a new report by Human Rights Watch, which warns that government reforms are being undermined by expanding surveillance, weak rule of law, and persistent discrimination.

While authorities promote anti-corruption and judicial reforms, HRW notes that serious problems continue, including restrictions on media freedom, ineffective investigations into police abuse, lack of judicial independence, and excessive use of pre-trial detention. The organization also criticizes Armenia’s failure to adopt comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation.

The report highlights the government’s inadequate response to the displacement of more than 100,000 Armenians from Artsakh. As rent subsidies were phased out, limited, means-tested assistance has left many displaced families struggling to pay rent and meet basic needs, reflecting a lack of long-term social and housing policy.

HRW also raises concerns about amendments to the Law on Police that grant authorities broad access to public surveillance systems without sufficient data protection safeguards. The planned use of facial recognition technology has further intensified concerns about privacy and civil liberties.

Freedom of expression remains under pressure, with journalists facing intimidation, legal harassment, and physical violence. Independent media have been weakened by the loss of international support and by new state funding schemes, which are criticized for increasing political influence.

The report documents systemic discrimination against people with disabilities, many of whom remain confined in institutions or prisons without adequate support. Cases of neglect, self-harm, and suicide in custody are rarely investigated.

Domestic violence and abuse against women remain widespread, while discrimination against LGBT individuals continues amid police inaction and weak legal protections.

HRW also addresses recent political developments, including the EU Integration Act and the US-mediated Washington Declaration with Azerbaijan, which have sparked public concern over sovereignty, accountability, and the continued detention of Armenian prisoners.

Human Rights Watch concludes that Armenia is experiencing democratic backsliding marked by expanding state power and weakened oversight, warning that without genuine reforms and accountability, fundamental rights will continue to erode, leaving displaced Artsakh Armenians and other vulnerable groups without adequate protection.