Yerevan air pollution surges to “very unhealthy” levels

(Horizon Weekly) – Yerevan is once again struggling under a heavy blanket of smog, with air pollution reaching one of its worst points in recent years. According to the US Air Quality Index, air quality in parts of the capital city is now 239, a level classified as Very Unhealthy. The main pollutant is Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5), tiny particles that measure under 2.5 micrometers and can travel deep into the lungs. PM2.5 often consists of smoke, soot, liquid or solid aerosols, or biological matter such as bacteria, mould, pollen, and animal dander. At current levels, doctors warn that even healthy individuals may experience respiratory symptoms, while vulnerable groups face significantly higher risks.

Much of the pollution is linked to seasonal temperature inversions that trap emissions close to the ground. Reports note that the winter months consistently bring severe spikes, but this year’s smog has been especially thick. Daily observations point to multiple sources, including old vehicles, construction dust, residential heating smoke and industrial emissions. Hetq’s past reporting highlights deeper structural problems, including outdated laws, weak enforcement and limited monitoring capacity that fails to give the public a reliable picture of air quality across the city.

Political tension around the issue has grown. Earlier this week, Mayor Tigran Avinyan dismissed the head of Yerevan’s environmental protection department, a move that has drawn renewed attention to the city’s handling of the pollution crisis.

Residents have raised growing concern as visibility in several districts has fallen sharply and a persistent haze hangs over major roads and neighbourhoods. Health specialists are urging people to reduce outdoor activity, keep windows closed, and use air filters when possible.

Environmental advocates say immediate steps are needed to limit emissions during peak winter periods. They also warn that without long term reforms to modernize transportation, update heating systems and expand air quality monitoring, Yerevan’s seasonal smog risks becoming a permanent public health emergency.